Facts about freckles: know from a dermatologist

Freckles are tiny light brown spots on face that occur naturally or develop due to sun exposure. Though these are harmless spots, but most people prefer to lighten or remove them for even-tone complexion. In this post, we would discuss some facts about freckles and their treatment.

What are freckles?

Freckles are tiny, flat, light brown spots scattered over exposed areas of body commonly on face or upper shoulders or arms. These spots are multiple in number and are typically of size of head of a common nail. They are more common in fair people with red hair. These may develop as early as 1 or 2 years of age. Freckles tend to become darker and more apparent after sun exposure. They tend to lighten in the winter months and fade with increasing age.

How are freckles caused?

Freckles are tiny deposits of melanin. These are caused by increased melanin production by melanin-producing cells(or melanocytes) on exposure to sunlight in genetically or predisposed individuals. The tendency to develop freckles runs in some families , people with red hair and green eyes are more prone to develop.

How are they treated?

Freckles are almost always harmless. They need treatment only cause of cosmetic reasons.

• Sun protection : It’s best to avoid the sun as much as possible by physical methods (like umbrellas, wide brimmed hats, full sleeved clothing). It is must to use a sunscreen with an SPF of at least 15 when you step out in sun.
• Skin lightening creams : These medicines contain ingredients as hydroqinone, kojic acid, Azelaic acid, arbutin, retinoic acid etc which inhibit melanin production or remove excess melanin by exfoliation. Regular use of these creams lightens the freckle spots. You must consult your dermatologist to get a skin-lightening cream prescribed.
• Chemical peeling : These can be locally removed by spot peeling using Phenol or tri chloroacetic acid.
• Radio frequency : Well-defined freckles can be removed by radiofrequency.
• Laser : Well defined freckles can also be removed by a laser device.
• Diet : Intake of a balanced diet rich in fruits and green vegetables that provide sufficient vitamins, minerals and antioxidants is also helpful in lightening freckles.

Even with best of treatment, recurrences are common. To prevent recurrences, it is must to stick with sun avoiding behaviour and regular use of sunscreens, as well as improve your nutritional status with balanced diet. If you like this post, don’t forget to share it with your friends.